| 10G Ethernet | 10 Gb/s | SFP+ | Up to 300 m over multimode fiber; up to 10 km over single-mode fiber | VCSEL for short-reach multimode links; DML or EML for single-mode links | 850 nm multimode; 1310 nm or 1550 nm single-mode | IEEE 802.3ae; SFF-8472; SFF-8431; SFF-8636 where applicable | Enterprise networks, storage networks, access aggregation |
| 25G Ethernet | 25.78125 Gb/s | SFP28 | Up to 70 m over OM3; up to 100 m over OM4; commonly 10 km for single-mode versions | VCSEL for short reach; DML or EML for longer reach | 850 nm multimode; 1310 nm single-mode | IEEE 802.3by; SFF-8472; SFF-8431; SFF-8636 | Server access, data-center leaf networks, 5G transport |
| 100G Short Reach | 100 Gb/s | QSFP28 | Up to 70 m over OM3; up to 100 m over OM4 | Four-lane parallel VCSEL transmission | 850 nm multimode fiber; four optical lanes | 100GBASE-SR4; IEEE 802.3bm; SFF-8636 | Data-center switch-to-server and switch-to-switch links |
| 100G Single-Mode | 100 Gb/s | QSFP28 | 500 m for DR; 2 km for FR; up to 10 km for LR implementations | Parallel CWDM4, LAN-WDM, or four-lane single-mode transmission | 1310 nm band; single-mode fiber | 100GBASE-DR, 100GBASE-FR1, 100GBASE-LR4; IEEE 802.3; CWDM4 MSA where applicable | Data-center interconnects, metropolitan aggregation |
| 200G Ethernet | 200 Gb/s | QSFP56 QSFP-DD | Typically 100 m to 2 km, depending on optical interface | Four-lane 50G PAM4; VCSEL for short reach and EML or silicon photonics for single-mode links | 850 nm multimode or 1310 nm single-mode | IEEE 802.3cd; QSFP MSA; QSFP-DD MSA; CMIS management specification | High-density data-center spine and leaf networks |
| 400G Ethernet | 400 Gb/s | QSFP-DD OSFP | 100 m for SR8; 500 m for DR4; 2 km for FR4; up to 10 km for LR4 | 8-lane 50G PAM4 or 4-lane 100G PAM4; EML, silicon photonics, and WDM architectures | 850 nm multimode; 1310 nm or CWDM single-mode | 400GBASE-SR8, DR4, FR4, LR4; IEEE 802.3bs; CMIS; OSFP MSA or QSFP-DD MSA | AI clusters, data-center spine links, high-capacity interconnects |
| 800G Ethernet | 800 Gb/s | OSFP 800G QSFP-DD | Typically 100 m to 2 km for parallel single-mode designs; longer reaches depend on the selected optical architecture | 8-lane 100G PAM4; EML, silicon photonics, and parallel or WDM optical engines | 850 nm multimode or 1310 nm single-mode | IEEE 802.3df specifications; 800G MSA implementations; CMIS; OSFP or QSFP-DD mechanical standards | AI and high-performance-computing fabrics, large-scale data centers |
| Coherent Pluggable | 100G to 800G | QSFP-DD OSFP CFP2 | From approximately 80 km to several hundred kilometers, depending on modulation, baud rate, and amplification | Coherent detection, DSP, polarization multiplexing, QPSK or higher-order QAM, tunable lasers | C-band or C6T+L-band windows; single-mode fiber | OpenZR+, OpenROADM, OIF 400ZR, CMIS, ITU-T G.698.2 where applicable | Metro networks, data-center interconnects, regional transport |
| Industrial-Temperature Modules | 1G to 400G | SFP, SFP28, SFP56, QSFP28, QSFP56, QSFP-DD | Determined by the optical interface; commonly 100 m to 80 km | Temperature-compensated laser control, enhanced monitoring, ruggedized packaging | 850 nm, 1310 nm, or 1550 nm | Extended operating-temperature requirements; SFF-8472 or CMIS; IEC 60825-1; RoHS | Industrial Ethernet, utility networks, transportation, outdoor wireless infrastructure |
| BiDi and WDM Modules | 1G to 100G | SFP SFP28 QSFP28 | Typically 10 km to 40 km, depending on optical power and receiver sensitivity | Bidirectional transmission over one fiber using separate upstream and downstream wavelengths | Common wavelength pairs include 1270/1330 nm and 1310/1490 nm | IEEE 802.3; SFF-8472; SFF-8636; applicable CWDM or LAN-WDM specifications | Access networks, fiber-constrained links, mobile fronthaul and backhaul |